Method and means for burning liquid fuels and the like



J. MARRON METHOD AND MEANS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUELS AND THE LIKE Dec. 2 ,1926.

.. &

Filed May 29.

Dec: "22. I926; L WI M. J. MARRON METHOD AND MEANS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUELS AND THE LIKE filed May 29v 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Dec. 28, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MICHAEL J. MABRON, F MAMABONECK, NEW YORK.

METHOD AND MEANS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUELS AND THE LIKE..

Applicatipn filed May 219,

My present invention relates to means for burning. fluid fuels, particularly auxiliary nozzles or the like for use in connection with burners, especially oil burners used with a forced draft, and to methods of burning such fuels, and aims to devise methods and.

apparatus of the general character specified above whereby the fuel is safely and economically consumed, and a long and depcndable flame of high heat intensity and high thermal efiiciency is readily obtained by means which are simple and dependable, and easily and economically fabricated, said means avoiding the usual inefliciencies of operation generally resulting from the use of fluid fuel burners in forced drafts or the like.

In the accompanying specification I shall describe several illustrative embodiments of the method of the present invention, in the I shall likewise describe, and in the annexed drawing show, several illustrative embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention, which embodiments may be employed for practicing the aforesaid illustrative embodiments of the. method of the present invention. It is, however, to be clearly un derstood that my invention is not limited to the specific embodiments thereof herein shown and described for purposes of illustration only. It is also to be understood that the aforesaid illustrative embodiments of the method of the present invention are not limited to their use with the aforesaid illustrative embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention, and that the embodiments of the apparatus may conceivably be used in connection with other illustrative embodiments of the method of the present invention, but all within the spirit of the same.

Referring to the drawings, wherein I have illustrated the aforesaid illustrative embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention, in connection with which the aforesaid illustrative embodiments of the ratus comprising one of the aforesaid i1- 1924. Serial No. 716,536.

lustrative embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the same taken along the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a View similar to Fig. 1 of the remaining illustrative embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; and

Fig. 4: is a cross-section of the same taken along line 44 of Fig. 3.

Referring now to the aforesaid illustrative embodiments of the method of the present invention, and particularly that illustrative embodiment of the method which may more conveniently be practiced by the use of the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing, such method comprises operating a burner in a forced draft which enters in a direction substantially transverse to the normal direction of the jet of the burner, by deflecting the air of the forced draft so as to cause some or all of the draft to assume and move in a direction substantially parallel to or in line with the normal direction of the jet of the burner. This is preferably done by forcing the draft of,air, in whole or in part, to pursue a zigzag direction of flow of the air of the draft will be in line with or parallel to the normal direction of the jet of the burner.

While the method of the present invention has a wide application and is generally useful, it finds particularly successful application in connection with the method and apparatus of my copending application filed of even date herewith and entitled Method illlllgd means for burning liquid fuels and the e in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing illustrating a portion of the burner described and claimed in my copending application just referred to, such a burner, here designated by reference character B, is provided with an auxiliary supply of air by means of the inwardly and upwardly inclined apertures adjacent the point where the jet of the com-- bustible mixture issues from the burner. In

such a case the deflected draft of air serves as an exceptionally eflicient source of the auxiliary air sup 1y with which such a burner is tobe provi ed.

This is for the reason that, as shown" course at the termination of which the a In the embodiment of the processwhich maybe more conveniently practiced with the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawing, the draft of air, in this case also entering in a direction substantially transverse to the normal direction 'ofthe jet of the burner, is preferably divided. into two components, one of which asses through a zig-zag passage and issues in the desired direction parallel to or in line with the jet of the burner, which portion may be termed the main component of the draft, while the other portion takes a longer route during which it is preheated, after which it enters a part or all of the zigzag passage traversed by the main component of the draft and, after being mixed therewith, issues also in a direction parallel to or in line with the jet of the burner. In this embodiment. of the process I prefer that means he provided for regulating the relative volumes of air which comprise the main and auxiliary components of the draft, and thus the relative .volumes of air which will be brought into contact with the jet of the burner in preheated and unheated conditions. In this case also the deflected draft serves as a very eliicient source of the auxiliary su ply of air for the type of burner already reibrred to above as described and claimed in my copending application already mentioned.

Referring now more particularly to the illustrative embodiment of apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing, the burner B preferablyficomprises a base plate orflange portion 10 into which isscrewed or otherwisefitted the nozzle 11, as by means of the lower threaded portion 12 of reduced diameter fitting into the correspondingly threaded a erture 13 of the base plate 10. A lower le ge 14 is provided against which the portion 12 of the burner may bear in its imnost position. It will be noted that the lower or inlet end of the nozzle 11,,here indicated by reference character 15, is of substantially conical form, as is also the upper or outlet end 16 0f the nozzle.

The nozzle 11 is provided with the substantially centrally disposed channel or passageway 17 for the mixture of air and vaporized liquid-fuel or the like, the air of the mixture being provided by means of the air noz- I zle 18 preferably having the conical tip 19, and comunicating with any suitable source of supply of air, not here deemed necessary to be shown. Vaporized fuelis provided from the well 20 within the chambered memher 21 surrounding the air nozzle 18. The vapor is produced'and the mixture formed by the suction of the air passing from the nozzle 18, as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present inventionrelate s. 1

Communicating with the uppef or outlet portion 16 of the nozzle 11, are a plurality .of apertures 22, hereshown to be eight in .number, and constituting the preferred form of means for 'providingthe auxiliary supchannel or passagewa wardly inclined. I have found that in most --cases.an' inclination of about 45 is' best suited for theintended urpose. The suction caused by the jet 0 combustible mixture issuing from the. outlet end of the 17 serves to induce a flow of air inwardy through the apertures 22 constituting the aux liary supply of air which, by mingling with the jet of mal efiiciency of the burner.

Cooperating with the burner B is an aux-' iliary nozzle, generally. designated by reference character N. The auxiliary nozzle N comprises a base portion or supporting plate 30 which may be bolted or otherwise suitably attached to the base or flange portion 10 of the burner B. The plate 30 comprises the combustible mixture, increases the therthe flanged portion 31 and the transverse ring portion 32.. 3

Associated with the member 30 is a member 33 constituting an inner or intermediate flaring baffle portion. The me her 33 has a lower ringike portion 34 an an upper outwardly andupwardly flaring portion 35 preferably forming a continuation of the portion 34. 4

Associated with the members 30 and 33 just described is the auxiliary nozzle portion 36 and the outer bafie portion 37. l'he portions 33. 36 and 37 are preferably maintained in the desired spaced relation by means of the spacing members 38 of which a plurality, such as four. are here shown employed. For example, the spacing members spacing ring 42 with which the lower portion of the auxiliary nozzle portion 36 is preferably provided, as indicated by reference character 43. while these members may be welded to the lower portion of the outer baflle portion 37, as indicated by reference character 44, and to the upper edge 39 of the inner-or intermediate baiiie portion 33,.

thus rendering the lower portion of the structure strong and rigid.

The auxiliary nozzle portion 36 comprises the main substantially cylindrical portion 45, the spacing ring 42 attachedv thereto, as-

- by welding, and the lower substantially conical inlet portion 46. The spacing .ring 42 comprises an upper ring portion 4;! embracattached to, as by being welded to, the

' lindrical portion 45 of the auxiliary nozzle portion 36, together with the outwardly and downwardly flaring portion 48 to which the spacing members 38 are attached. The lower end 46 of the auxiliary nozzle portion 36 is inwardly and downwardly tapered, as indicated by reference character 49, and is provided with the inwardly disposed flanged portion 50 to serve all the more positively to deflect the air draft or any desired portion of the same in a directionparallel to or substantially in line with the jet of the burner.

The outer baflle portion 38 comprises an upper ring-shaped portion 51 embracing and attached to, as by being welded to, an intermediate portion of the substantially cylindrical nozzle portion of the member 36.

The baflle portion 37 is outwardly and down-- wardly inclined. It will be noted that thearrangement of the members B, 33, 36 and 37, is such that the opposed edges of the members 33, 36 and 3.7 .adjacent the inlet end of the auxiliary nozzle N are in staggered and overlapped position, thus providing a zig-zag path for the draft of air and causing its ultimate deflection into a direction parallel to or substantially in line with the direction of the jet of the burner, here indicated by reference character J. The arrows to be found adjacent the bottom of Fig. 1 of the drawing indicate this z'igezag path of the air draft, the direction of the original draft being indicated by the large, straight arrow marked A in Fig. 1 of the drawing.

The operation of the burner and associated auxiliary nozzle will be substantially clear from the foregoing description and may be briefly summarized as follows: The mixture formed .in the burner B; issues in. the

jet J. The forced draft'coming in the direction'of the arrow A impinges upon the outer and inner baffle members 37 and 36, respectively, the edges of which overlap and are in staggered relation with each other and with the conical inlet end 46 of the member 36. The draft'of air coming in the direction of the arrow A is thus deflected so as to assume 'a'direction parallel to or;

substantially in line with the normal direc- I tion of the jet J of the burner B. Themcoming deflected draft of air, by its action upon the apertures 22 with which the nozzle 11 of the burner B are provided, serves to tion 10 of the burner B.

of the device serve greatly to increase the thermal efliciency of the burner and to yield a long, steady, dependable flame of high heat intensity. By means of this arrangement the burner will not spit oil and will work quietly and without smoke over long periods of time, thus rendering it highly useful in connection with oil-fired furnaces in locomotives, apartment houses and other places where a; dependable source of high heat intensity and high-thermal efficiency is desired. I

Referring now more particularly to the illustrative embodiment of the tinvention shown in Figs. 3 and i of the drawing, B indicates a burner which is preferably constructed similarly to the burner B of the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing, being provided, with the apertures 22 for providing the burner with the auxiliary supply of air already referredto.

Cooperating with the burner B is the auxiliary nozzle N. The auxiliary nozzle N, while serving most of the purposes and functions of the auxiliary nozzle N already described in connection with the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing, serves certain additional ,purposes and functions and is diflerently constructed, as will now be described in detail. 7

The nozzle N comprises a base portion or supporting plate 30 of enlarged diameter, which may be bolted or otherwise suitably attached to the base or flange por- The base portion 30' comprises the flange portion 31 and the transverse ring portion 32'.

Associated with the base portion 30' and suitably mounted thereon or carried thereby, as by heing attached thereto, is a mem-.

ber 33 constituting an inner or intermediate flaring battle portion. The member 33' has a. lower ring-like portion 34 and an upper outwardly and upwardly flaring portion 35 preferably forming a continuation of the portion 34. v

Associated with the members 30 and 33, just described, is the auxiliary nozzle portion 36 and the outer preheater and battle portion 37 The portions 33'. 36 and 37' are preferably maintained in the desired spaced relation with respect to each other by means of the lower spacing members 38, of which a plurality, such as four, are here shownas employed. For example, the lower spacing-members 38 maybe suitably secured. as by welding, to the upper edge 39 ofthe inner or intermediate baflie member 33' in such positions as to maintain such edge 39 in intermediate but overlapping position with respect to the lower edge 40' of the outer preheater and baflle member 37-as well as with respect to the lower edge 41 of the auxiliarynozzle portion 36. The

substantially cylindrical portions of the auxiliary nozzle portions 36' and of the preheater and outer bafiie portion 37 are preferably maintained in proper spaced relation with respect to each other by means of the upper spacing members 38", of which may be employed three series each consisting of four spacing members which are preferably disposed in staggered position with respect to each other and with respect to the lower spacing members 38, in order to pro erly distribute the spacing members and to t ere by strengthen the structure and render the same more rigid. There is thus provided the intermediate space or channel C existing between the outer wall a of the substantially cylindrical part of the auxiliary nozzle portion 36 and the inner wall I) of the preheater and outer bafiie portion 37 The lower and upper spacing members 38 and 38", respectively, may be suitably attached, as by welding, to suitable portions of the auxiliary nozzle portion 36 and the preheater'and outer baffle member 37', as

well as to the upper edge'39' of the inner or intermediate bafii member 33'. For example, the lower spacing members 38' may be welded to the spacing ring 42' with which the lower portion of the auxiliary nozzleportion 36 is preferably provided as 1ndi-- prises the main substantially cylindrical portion 45, the spacing ring 42, already described 'as being attached thereto, as by welding, adjacent the lower end thereof, and the lower substantially conical inlet portion- 46; The spacing ring 42' comprises an upper ring portion 47 embracing andsuitably attached to, as by being welded to, the lower extremity of the cylindrical portion 45"of the auxiliary nozzle portion 36', together with the outwardl and down wardly flaring portion 48', to w ich the; lower spacing members '38 are attached. The

lower end 46 of the auxiliary nozzle portion 36 is inwardly and downwardly tapered, as indicated by reference character 49, and 'is provided with the inwardlydisposed flange portion 50 which serves all the more positively to deflect the forced air draft or any desired portion of the same into a direction parallel to or substantially in line with the jet of the burner.

The preheater and outer baflie p0rtion'37 preferably comprises an upper substantially cylindrical portion 51 attached to but spaced from the cylindrical portion 45' of the auxiliary nozzle portion 46' by means of the upper spacing members 38 already described. The lower portion 52 of the member 37' is preferably downwardly and outwardly flared, as by being of substantially frusto-conical form, as shown more clearly in Fig. 3 of the drawing. The frusto-conical lower portion 52' of the preheater and outer battle portion 37 is provided with suitable means, such as the frusto conical damper ring 53 provided with the series of apertures 54 and rotatably carried by the lower portion of the frusto-conical portion 52 of the member 37' and cooperatingwith suitand 37', particularly the lower baflle portion 52 of the member 37. is such that the opposed edges of the members 33', 36' and 52, adjacent the inlet end of the auxiliary nozzle N, are in staggered and overlapping positions, thus providing a zig-zag path for the draft ofair passing through the cooperating.

apertures 54v and 55' when the same are in alinement and causing its ultimate deflection, after passage through the zig-zag path,

into a direction parallel to or substantially in line with the direction of the jet of the burner, here indicated by reference character J. The arrows to be foundadjacent the bottom of Fig. 1 of the drawing indicate this zig-zag path of the air draft, the direction .of the original draft of air being indicated by the large straight arrow marked A in Fig. 3 of the drawing.

In addition to the component of the air draft which enters the zig-zag path through the cooperating apertures 54' and 55, there is a component of the draft which enters the channelor chamber C between the outer wall a of the substantially cylindrical portion 45' of the auxiliary nozzle portion 36' and .the inner wall b' of the substantially cylindrical portion 51' of the preheater-and outer bafiie portion 37 or all of the zig-zag passage alreadyde scribed as being traversed by the main component of the air draft passing through the partially or totally alined apertures 54" and 55 already described.

It may here be stated that by the suitable operation of the damper 53' the amount of the draft passing through the totally or partially alined apertures 54 and 55'. may be readily predetermined, as also the relative proportions of the main component of the air draft passing through the apertures 54' and 55 and the auxiliary preheated component of the air draft passing through the chamber C. It may here also be stated that in certain positions of the damper 53, the apertures 54 and 55 will be entirely out of alinement, thus preventing any part of the air draft from entering the zigzag passage directly through the lower portion 52 of the preheater and outer baffle member 37 The operation of -the burner B and the associated auxiliary nozzle N will be substantially clear fromthe foregoing description and may be brieflysummarized as follows: The mixture formed in the burner B issues in the jet J. The forced draft coming in the direction of the arrow A impinges upon the lower conical bafiie portion 52 of the member 37 and a part of such draft, as determined by the position of the damper 53, provided with the apertures 54, with respect to the apertures 55' in the member 52, will pass through the apertures 54 and 55 and enter the zigzag passage at the lower or inlet end of the nozzle N By means of this zigzag. path, brought about by the relative arrangement of the spaced members 53', 33' and 4 6, the main component of the forced air draft entering through the apertures 54 and 55 will be deflected into a direction substantially in line with orvparallel to the burner jet J. The auxiliary component of the air draft. enters through the passage C between the portions and51 of the members 36' and 37', respectively, is thus preheated, once the burner has 'been set in operation, and is mingled with the unheated component of the air draft entering through the apertures 54 and already described. Thus both the unheated and heated components of. the air draft finally enter the inlet end of the nozzle N, after being deflected into the desired direction parallel to or in line with the jet of the burner J.

As in the case of the illustrative embodiment of the invention already described, the

forced draft does not interfere with the proper operation of the burner B. On the contrary, the deflection of the forced draft and the arrangement of the various component parts of the device serve to produce a flame which is characterized by its length, steadiness, dependability and high heat intensity, as well as by its high thermal efliciency. Furthermore, the preheating of a portion of the forced air draft serves to cause the burner to operate all the more steadily, and quietly, so that the burner will 'nnf. cnif. nil and will operate without carried smoking for long periods of time. Other advantages of the present invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art to which the same relates.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. A deviceof the character described comprising a base, an upstanding flange carried thereby, a tubular member, an outer baffle carried thereby and having its open end in spaced relation to the adjacent end of the tubular member, supporting bars bridging the space between the adjacent ends of the baffle and tubular member and lying entirely within the chamber formed between said members, said supporting bars'engaging the supporting flange of the base whereby to position the tubular member and the baflie upon the base in telescopic relation with respect to the supporting flange of the base. I

2. A device of the character describedcomprising a base, a baflie carried thereby,

- a tubular member, a baffle carried by the tumounted upon the baffle, said tubular memher having a restricted inlet surrounding the burner, and a baflie carried by the tubular member, said baflie being flared outwardly beyond the baflle of the base and terminating beneath the free end thereof whereby to provide a tortuous passage for air to the burner.

4. A device of the character described comprising a base, a conical battle surrounding the burner and flaring outwardly therefrom, a tubular member, the walls thereof being tapered inwardly to provide a'restricted inlet, a conical baflile by the tubular member and flaring outwardly therefrom in spaced relation with respect to the restricted inlet thereof, bridging members connecting the tubular member and the open end of its bafile, said bridging members being designed to engage the rim of the baflle of the base to support the tubular member in spaced relation with respect to the burner, whereby the extremities of the tubular member and the baffle cooperate to form a tortuous passage for the admission of air to the burner.

5. A device of the character described comprising a base, a burner mounted thereon, a supporting bafile surrounding the burna burner carried thereby,

er, a tubular member having the walls there- 'the wells of the burner to define an annular of tapered to forma. restricted inlet, and assage for the admission of air to 10 means carried by the. tubular member adjejurner. cent its restricted extremity to engage the Intestimony whereof, I have. si ed my 5 supporting bafiie of the base whereby to poname to this specification this 231's day of sitionithe tubular member in telescopic en- April, 1924. I l

gement with the burner, the restricted inat of the tubular member cooperating with MICHAEL J. MARRON. 

